Baker’s cyst

Summary

A Baker’s cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled swelling that develops in the back of the knee. It is named after Dr. William Morrant Baker, who first described the condition in the 19th century. Baker’s cysts most commonly occur in adults and are often associated with underlying knee joint problems, such as arthritis or meniscus tears.

What are the causes of a Baker’s cyst?

A Baker’s cyst can develop when an excessive amount of synovial fluid accumulates in the knee joint. This fluid then swells up behind the knee. A Baker’s cyst is more likely to occur when the following conditions are present.
1. Rheumatoid Arthritis
2. Degenerative Arthritis
3. Meniscus Tear

In order to check for Arthritis, we have to take blood samples for Rheumatoid arthritis, and X-ray for Degenerative Arthritis. To check for Meniscus tear, MRI is necessary.

What are the Symptoms of baker’s cyst?

You may not experience any symptoms, but if you do, the following symptoms may occur:

• A lump behind the knee
• Pain or discomfort behind the knee
• Difficulty bending the knee

If a Baker’s cyst ruptures, synovial fluid may flow down into the calf, and the following symptoms can appear:

• Swelling and pain in the calf

How does a doctor determine if someone has a Baker’s cyst?

Doctors sometimes diagnose a Baker’s cyst by examining the knee. Occasionally, they may also perform the following imaging tests:

• Ultrasound
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)

In cases where a Baker’s cyst ruptures and causes swelling in the calf, the doctor may check for the presence of a blood clot in the leg’s veins through ultrasound and other tests.

How does a doctor treat a Baker’s cyst?

Small Baker’s cysts often do not require treatment and may resolve on their own. Instead, the doctor will focus on treating the underlying knee issue that is causing the cyst. In cases where the cyst becomes enlarged and causes discomfort, the doctor may consider the following options:

1. Needle Aspiration: The doctor can use a needle to withdraw fluid from the Baker’s cyst. This can provide immediate relief, although there is a risk of the cyst recurring.
2. Corticosteroid Injections: Corticosteroid injections into the knee joint can help reduce inflammation and alleviate pain associated with the Baker’s cyst.
3. Pain Medication: Over-the-counter or prescription pain relievers may be recommended to manage pain and discomfort.
4. Physical Therapy: A tailored physical therapy program can help maintain the strength and flexibility of the muscles around the knee.
5. Surgical Removal: While less common, surgery may be considered to remove the Baker’s cyst if it persists or if it is causing severe symptoms. This procedure may also address the underlying knee problem.

The treatment approach chosen by the doctor depends on the size of the cyst, the severity of symptoms, and the primary condition responsible for the cyst’s formation.